Reducing carbon emissions is crucial in combating climate change. Greenhouse gas emissions are categorized into three scopes:

Scope 1: Direct emissions from owned or controlled sources.

Scope 2: Indirect emissions from the generation of purchased energy.

Scope 3: All indirect emissions (not included in Scope 2) that occur in the value chain of the reporting company, including both upstream and downstream emissions.

Calculating and analyzing a product's full life cycle carbon footprint involves complex steps such as supply chain mapping, data collection and analysis, product traceability, onsite verification, and data assurance. Increasing legislation and market expectations require companies to substantiate their reported figures and communicate claims with science-based calculations.